Aristotle

Aristotle's Metaphysics was the first major study of the subject of metaphysics - in other words, an inquiry into 'first philosophy', or 'wisdom'. It differs from Physics, which is concerned with the natural world: things which are subject to the laws of nature, things that move and change, are measurable. In Metaphysics, the study falls on 'being qua being' - being insofar as it is being; the causes and principles of being, the causes and principles...

"The Athenian Constitution" by Aristotle is a treatise on the ancient Greek city-state of Athens and its political structure. In the work, Aristotle examines the historical development of the Athenian government, the functions of its various institutions, and the role of its citizens in the decision-making process. Aristotle divides the Athenian government into three main types: monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. He argues that the Athenian government...

In his work On Interpretation, Aristotle seeks to uncover the underlying principles of language and meaning. He begins by examining the nature of signs and symbols, and how they are used to communicate information. He then goes on to explore the relationship between language and reality, and how our understanding of words is shaped by our experience of the world. Ultimately, Aristotle concludes that language is a tool for understanding reality, and...

This profound exploration delves into the nature of human societies, governance, and the pursuit of the good life. Aristotle meticulously analyzes various political systems, the role of citizens, and the virtues necessary for a just society. Essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the principles underpinning modern political theory and the quest for justice.

This foundational work systematically examines the methods of constructing and deconstructing arguments, offering a comprehensive guide to the nuanced techniques of debate. Aristotle delves into the nature of premises, syllogisms, and varied forms of disputation, providing timeless insights into logical discourse. Essential reading for philosophers, logicians, and anyone seeking to sharpen their critical thinking skills.

In his work On Memory and Reminiscence, Aristotle explores the nature of memory and how it works. He differentiates between two types of memory: active and passive. Active memory is when we actively recall something, while passive memory is when we remember something without consciously trying to do so. Aristotle also discusses the role of reminiscence in our lives, arguing that it helps us to understand the world and ourselves better. Read in English,...

"On the Motion of Animals" is a scientific work by Aristotle that explores the principles of motion in living beings. In this treatise, Aristotle observes and analyzes the movements of various animals, from insects to humans, in order to understand the mechanics of motion and the physiological and psychological factors that drive it. Aristotle begins by examining the different types of motion, including natural, violent, and voluntary, and how they...

Ethics is a philosophical work written by Aristotle, in which he explores the nature of human morality and virtue. In this work, Aristotle seeks to identify the highest good for human beings and determine how individuals can live a good life. Aristotle argues that the ultimate goal of human life is to achieve happiness or eudaimonia, which he defines as a state of complete well-being and fulfillment. He believes that happiness is achieved through...

Meteorology is a treatise written by Aristotle in which he explores the nature and behavior of the Earth's atmosphere and its phenomena. In this work, Aristotle attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the causes and effects of weather events, including rain, wind, thunder, and lightning. Meteorology is a significant work in the history of natural philosophy and meteorology, and it had a profound influence on later thinkers such as Galileo and...

"Categories" is a philosophical work written by Aristotle, which is widely considered to be one of the most influential works in the history of Western philosophy. The work explores the nature of reality and how it can be classified into different categories. Aristotle begins by examining the concept of substance, which he defines as the fundamental nature of a thing. He then goes on to consider other categories such as quality, quantity, relation,...