Publication manual of the American Psychological Association

Writing for the behavioral and social sciences. Types of articles ; Ethical and legal standards in publishing ; Ensuring the accuracy of scientific knowledge ; Protecting the rights and welfare of research participants ; Protecting intellectual property rights

Manuscript structure and content. Journal article reporting standards ; Manuscript elements ; Sample papers

Writing clearly and concisely. Organization ; Writing style ; Reducing bias in language ; General guidelines for reducing bias ; Reducing bias by topic ; Grammar and usage

Mechanics of style. Punctuation ; Spelling ; Capitalization ; Italics ; Abbreviations ; Numbers ; Metrication ; Statistical and mathematical copy ; Equations

Displaying results. General guidance on table and figures ; Tables ; Figures ; Presenting electrophysiological, radiological, and other biological data

Crediting sources. When to cite ; Quoting and paraphrasing ; Citing references in text ; Reference list ; Reference components

Reference examples. Types and variations ; Examples by type ; Appendix 7-1: References to legal materials

Publication process. Editorial process ; Author responsibilities

Appendix: Journal article reporting standards (JARS), Meta-analysis reporting standards (MARS), and flow of participants through each stage of an experiment or quasi-experiment.