Establishing the foreground
Light-painting the foreground
Controlling unwanted light
Checklist: Before you shoot
Focus through trial and error
Checklist: Steps for manually focusing on a star
6. Stars as points of light
Aperture, ISO, and exposure
Checklist: Stars as points of light camera settings
Using an intervalometer or bulb mode
Checklist: Camera settings for stacked star trails
11. Post-processing night images
Processing stars as points of light
Processing combined images
